Az M-M kísérlet téves!  

 

 

1. Preliminary

Relativity is a serious and almost universally accepted scientific theory. He has dominated physics for 100 years, since 1921, when he received in his hands the Nobel Prize. The theory conflicts perfectly with quantum theory, although some hope that the two can be reconciled. Certainly not, and quantum theory is certainly true. In what follows, I will show that it is flawed and contains logical internal contradictions, regardless of the contradiction I have just mentioned. I will also base this proof on my reactivated aether theory, see later. By the way, Einstein agreed with the aether theory, saying that nature cannot exist without a connecting substance, the aether. The relevant sound material (BBC 1923) I will probably succeed in obtaining and publishing (in English, with a penetrating German accent). The for those who believe in authority, the question will be settled. There are legitimate questions about the physical properties and natural behaviour of the aether. On the first subject I have written in detail elsewhere, now a dozen papers. I will publish some more initial thoughts on its behaviour below.

 

If the aether exists, then there is much question about its connection with the big bang, the accelerating expansion of the universe, and the relationship of moving, orbiting planets. It is aether related to material bodies, as it expands more rapidly when saturated with energy and somewhat entrains celestial bodies in the form of gravitational pressure (the aether energy gradients). Forming a relatively attractive relationship between solar systems and planets.

 

The central celestial body attracts the orbiting planets, so they used to say. In fact, it does not attract, but only repels less. In light of this, Newtonian mechanics tells us that the planets must orbit the Sun. The inner planets orbit faster than the outer planets, and in the process, they drag the aether around them with them. Curiously, the matter in the aether sea around the Sun is subject to the same rule as the planets, i.e. they orbit at a speed inversely proportional to the square root of the distance, as if in synchrony with the planets. This is the idea of Dr. K.G. +'s theory but I had to add a lot of other things before a coherent, relativity-free cosmology coalesced. By the way, the aether sticks tightly to the planets, and as it moves away, a transient velocity state occurs. Moving away from the planets, the aether wind blows.

 

I apologize for putting all this upfront, but this is a preliminary clarification of the basic current misconceptions that dominate the so-called "today's, modern" physics. There always have been, are, and always will be misconceptions the physics. But it still feels dad me sick to think that in 500 years' time future physicists will be laughing or even crying at 21st-century physics.

 

In the following, I will only indicate the title of the main topic, but I promise to give a short, concise summary of it in a few days: The MM experiment is wrong.

 

Although there is a saying that it is easy to be clever in hindsight. We shall see, it is not easy in hindsight!

 

 

2. History

 

When J. C. Maxwell wrote down his equation 4 for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in 1864, it contained a constant that he suspected to be the speed of light.

 

The speed of light was first measured in the laboratory by the eminent French physicist Fizeau in 1849. He obtained a value of c = 300 million metres per second, which is roughly the value accepted today. This seemed a reassuring certainty, although it left open a 'tiny' question that was still theoretical at the time:

 

"Compared to what does a ray of light travel at speed c? If we move at speed v towards the light source, do we perceive a higher speed of light? More precisely, c'=c+v?"

 

It could not be more logical and natural, said the physicists of the time confidently. But we still need experimental confirmation - that's what makes science a science!

 

The optical device for detecting the speed of light relative to a beam was invented by a German physicist in 1858. But the great physicists of the time were reluctant to take up the task. They were well aware of the extreme difficulty of controlling light rays in a moving, shaking apparatus. Let the young people work now! - they thought. (Bradley, Roentgen, Eichenwald, Wilson, Rayleigh, Arago, Fizeau, Hoek, Airy) But some did try, albeit unsuccessfully.

 

Sir Oliver Lodge, the English physicist, deserves credit for not letting the problem be forgotten. He persuaded several European physicists to carry out the experiment . Lodge's ultimate hope was the American physicist A. A. Michelson, born in Polish born.

 

He traveled to Europe as a young scientist, meeting with the prestigious universities of his time, and seeing what they were working on. That's how he came across the problem of the speed of light and motion and decided to do the experiment that Lodge warmly recommended. He built several apparatus with the help of the universities, but none gave positive results. This meant that his apparatus failed to detect the changed velocity of a beam of light while standing on the surface of the rotating Earth. In 1881, he started the crucial experiment with the English physicist Morley, and in 1887 they finished the experiment but again failed to get an effect. By this time they had the support of American universities with money and technical equipment too. They could not find any changes in the speed of light. The physics community this experiment to be definitive, and considered the experimental phase to be finished. It was then (wrongly) stated that light travels at the speed of light to all moving objects.

 

 

3. The ominous M-M experiment

 

A more abbreviated description of the experiment according to wikipedia (Hu):

 

"Just as the speed of sound is given in relation to air, the speed of light is given in relation to the ether.

 

The Michelson-Morley experiment was carried out in 1887 by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley at what is now Case Western Reserve University. The aim of the experiment was to measure the speed of the Earth relative to the aether, or absolute space. The experiment used the Michelson interferometer developed by Michelson.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The interferometer used in the experiment is shown in the picture. The light from the source is split by the semi-transparent mirror (F) into two beams which are reflected from mirrors A and B. The semi-transparent mirror again splits the rays into two parts, but now only the part of the rays that went towards the E screen is of interest. An interference pattern will appear on the umbrella, resulting from the phase difference between the two rays incident on the umbrella. The phase difference is due to the difference in path and time:

The researchers set one arm of the interferometer parallel to the Earth's velocity vector, while the other was perpendicular to it. The light along the parallel arm takes tP time to reach the screen, while the light along the perpendicular arm takes tM time. The time difference causes a phase difference which appears as interference rings on the umbrella. Rotating the whole interferometer 90°, the other arm will be parallel to the Earth's velocity vector. During the rotation, we observe the change in the interference rings, which depends on the time difference.

The result of this experiment was, to everyone's surprise, negative, i.e. the velocity sought was always equal to zero. The experiment was repeated several times during the year and always gave the same result": No effetc.

 

 

4. Interpreting the experiment

 

I would first like to make a few additions to the hypothetical conditions of the experiment.

 

The relationship between ether and matter

Ether is a weightless massless invisible liquid, although it is made up of particles with a high density and enormous kinetic energy. We humans do not perceive its enormous pressure, just as the flounder fish in the Mariana Trench does not die as a result of the high pressure. The fish is filled with high-pressure seawater both inside and outside its cells. The aether is not only outside inside and between our cells, but also inside our atoms and nuclei. It is only because of its strong electrical and magnetic properties that we can observe it in certain special experiments.

 

The L-shaped interferometer has the aether inside its tubular arms, and it blows through the walls of the tubes just as easily as if it were not there. So whether the aether is moving or not, it passes unhindered through all material bodies. Light, however, is linked to it through its electromagnetic properties, and in it, by picking up the speed of light, it moves with it.

 

The landmark M-M experiment of 1887

The Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887, carried out in America, was the milestone, the pinnacle experiment, which everyone accepted as the final decision that the device would show no effect. Michelson played a very large part in this acceptance, because he was, is, and will be the best experimental physicist in the world. (There may be better ones in the future, but none of the very many physicists will be able to stand out.)

 

The circumstances of the experiment

Michaelson placed a container on the laboratory table and filled it with mercury. Into this, he placed a heavy marble disc, which swam on top of the mercury but allowed the disc to rotate. On top of this was mounted the L-shaped interferometer, and even the light source itself. All this was done to damp vibrations from the ground. Obviously, he also used a lot of rubber sponges and tennis balls, as is common in optical experiments today. Train traffic was also stopped for the duration of the experiment within a 10-mile radius to reduce the number of sources of vibration. The latter shows the enormous importance attached to this experiment by the American physical society, the elite of society, and the American government.

 

Theoretical foundations

The experiment was based on a sea of stationary aether, which in the eyes of physicists of the time was indisputable. Other basic assumptions were the rotating Earth, the observer, the interferometer on the ground and the light source (sometimes even the distant stars) on the ground. The measuring instrument was always placed on the Earth because it cannot be moved due to the vibration. By the way, the L-shaped interferometer is a very insensitive instrument, in this respect, it is almost impossible to invent something worse. (I myself made 4 instruments several orders of magnitudes more sensitive in 1980)

 

But there is no need to move it - they thought at the time, because the Earth is moving in the etheric sea-anyway. You do not need to know the direction of movement, the device is rotated anyway to and fro. It also signals when it is set in a general position, since there is no way of knowing which way the true velocity vectors are pointing. In fact, the device is rotated from time to time and must then be in a different position relative to the aether flow.

 

The primary purpose of the experiment was to detect the phenomenon, the quantification of the phenomenon being secondary. It was thought that it was not necessary to move the light source itself, since the light emitted from it would be detached from the light source and would be aligned with the surrounding aether. The over-precise experimenters produced interference circles. A fragment of this can be called interference fringes and is perfectly sufficient to judge the experimental result. (I always refer to interference fringes myself.) If the stripes are displaced when rotated, the aether wind will show itself through the displacement of the stripes.

 

The wrong way out

Since their physicist wanted to solve the problem anyway, they came up with the strange idea that light is a special entity whose speed is not added to the speed of the interferometer. Moreover, and even more seriously, light moves at the speed of light c relative to all bodies. This "result" is in fact a bankruptcy of logical thinking or bankruptcy of logic. If we believe this claim, then logic is over, and any scientific statement of nature is a right not to obey the rules of logic.

 

 

5. Other types of aether wind experiments

 

Moving on from milestone 0 (1887), a very large number of experiments and attempts have been made in more recent times.

 

I am about to translate about 50 experiments into English and will post them on my website in the near future. Here I have highlighted only a few of the experiments at considerable random.

 

1. Michaelson, Morley, and Morley etc.

The experimental physicists did not lose faith after a negative conclusion and continued to perform experiments in the early 1900s. However, it is appropriate to write about these in more detail, which I will translate into English later.

 

 

2. Kennedy and Thorndike, 1932 

In this experiment, the researchers used an interferometer of different arm lengths in an acute-angled (56 degrees) arrangement. With a light-path difference of 32 cm, the creation of interference fringes was a feat. This was achieved in the infrared region of the mercury vapor lamp (l=5461 nm). Unlike Michelson, the instrument was not rotated but fixed to the laboratory table. It was obviously expected that a change of velocity and direction along the earth's orbit would cause an interference pattern change. But even the rotation of the earth's surface could show up in the result.

 

 

3. Jaseva, Javan, 1964

On a rotating table 2, high-stability infrared lasers lay in a perpendicular position. The researchers allowed an anisotropy of up to 30 m/s as inferred from the difference in frequency.

 

 

4. Shamir and Fox, 1969

A replicated M-M type experiment with light beams passing through plexiglass (n=1.49). The sensitivity of the laser-based optics was ~0.00003. The researchers reported null results, allowing the max deviation could be 6.64 m/s.

 

 

5. Mueller et al, 2003

Modern Michelson-Morley experiment with cryogenic optical resonators. The anisotropy was less than 10-15Hz.

 

 

6. Herrmann et al, 2005

This is also a test for the isotropy of the speed of light. The experimental device was a constantly rotating optical resonator. The limit is 10-16Hz.

 

 

7. C.W. Chou et al, 2010

The "American" experimental physicist developed an extremely sensitive and extra-stable energy measuring instrument. It consists of two metal boxes, each containing an exciting aluminum-ion radiant source (~1015Hz, near-ultraviolet range.) One box contains the electronics for the difference frequency display and is connected to the other box by a 70 m optical cable. If the energy level of one of the boxes changes, the frequency emitted by the aluminum ions inside it changes. It can detect heights as low as 0.5 m and speeds as high as 3.2 m/s with a difference signal of 0.05 Hz.

 

E_h=mgh=1*10*0,5=5J, E_m=mv²/2=1*3,2²/2=5J. This stylized calculation is for a mass of 1 kg but instead, think of the mass of an aluminum atom.

 

The experiments also show that the motion of the aether could not be detected, i.e. the aether wind does not blow at ground level! As things stand at the moment, it is very close to 0, so this is no longer of any practical significance. Further refinement of the experiments is now unnecessary because it is likely that the speed of the aether wind at the ground surface is not only practical but also theoretically 0.

 

 

6. Evaluation of the topic

 

The Michaelson-Morly experiment is a very important part of the discovery of physical reality and is also the basis of the theory of relativity. Unfortunately, the physics community has accepted the flawed experiment and its flawed evaluation that the speed of light is the same value as c for all bodies, neither more nor less. This is obviously a logical absurdity, and whichever theory is based on this absurdity must be questioned and revised.

 

The cream of physicists, however, did not give in to the null result of the MM experiment but continued to try to find the correct solution. They were like this the people who carried out the experiments described in Chapter 5, and most notably Michaelson himself too. He often said that he was very sorry that his no-effect experiment had started a process in science that would surely lead to a fallacy. It was mainly for this courageous stand that he became my favorite physicist and my role model.

 

The moral of this unfinished story is that incredible results should never be accepted. Experiments and logical proofs must be repeated over and over again, and we must believe that nature's solutions are logical and understandable to us.

 

A good example of trying again is the development of the aluminum ion source by C.W. Chou. Then subsequently repeated the MM experiment with a new method and showed a positive effect. This is the kind of experiment that the eminent physicists of past centuries believed in, and their intuition and faith in human logic proved successful. I will add that I will be translating some more experiments with positive effects into English in the near future, and I will also describe some of the hopeful experiments I have devised, including one that I have already done and which has produced positive results.

 

These sophisticated experiments, though looking back in time, are important, but we have more important work to do. We need to reactivate the ether, the liquid-like substance that fills the universe and creates the physical connection between material bodies. By the way, it is the ether that fills the cosmos, the material bodies, and subatomic particles, and it is the ether that keeps everything moving with its enormous hidden energy. Delusions aside, we must say that the ether does exist! This fact was taken for granted by the scientists of old and used to create the physical worldview. Without aether, the unity of nature is inexplicable, incoherent, and obviously appears to be based on faulty foundations. Of course, I am of the opinion that the aether must be brought back into "modern" physics and urgently incorporated into all modern theories. My new book, which is about to go to print, will express this idea:

A paradigm shift in physics – now!

 

 

Date: 18.05.2022.

 

 

Sincerely Tom Tushey

Mech. Engineer

Hobby Physicist

Hobby Astronomer

Science Writer

Relativity Expert

www.aether-tom.com 

www.reactivated-aether.hupont.hu 

www.aparadox.hupont.hu 

 

 

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